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Wirepas Technology Explained

Mesh networking redefined for massive scale.

Wirepas is a fully decentralized mesh networking technology built for massive-scale, low-power IoT deployments. Unlike traditional star-topology networks, Wirepas devices communicate directly with one another, autonomously routing data hop-by-hop through the mesh until it reaches a sink node connected to the network server. This de-centralized architecture removes any single point of failure and lets networks scale to millions of devices without added infrastructure. Operating in sub-GHz and 2.4 GHz bands, Wirepas supports flexible mesh, tree, and star topologies, making it ideal for dense industrial environments, smart buildings, asset tracking, and logistics, where reliability and self-healing connectivity matter most.

Wirepas Range

Wirepas doesn't rely on a single long-distance radio link — it achieves range through its mesh architecture, where every device extends the network by relaying data to its neighbors. A single hop typically covers tens to a few hundred meters depending on frequency band and environment, but because each node can act as a repeater, the effective coverage of a Wirepas network is virtually unlimited: adding more devices extends reach without adding gateways. This hop-by-hop design also lets Wirepas trade range for bandwidth on demand, using lower data rates to push signals further per hop, or higher data rates when throughput matters more than distance. The result is a self-healing network that automatically re-routes around obstacles or failed nodes, delivering reliable coverage across large industrial facilities, warehouses, and multi-building campuses where a single radio link could never reach every device.

Key Benefits of LoRaWAN Technology

LoRaWAN is a leading wireless communication protocol for IoT applications, offering long-range connectivity, low power consumption, and cost-effectiveness. These features make LoRaWAN ideal for diverse use cases, from smart cities to industrial monitoring.

Long Range and Penetration

LoRaWAN can transmit data up to 10-15 kilometers in rural areas and 1-5 kilometers in urban settings. It operates in sub-GHz frequency bands, allowing it to penetrate physical obstacles like buildings and trees.

Low Power Consumption

LoRaWAN devices are designed for low power consumption, enabling years of operation on small batteries. This is ideal for long-term, maintenance-free IoT applications such as environmental monitoring and smart agriculture.

Cost-Effectiveness

The infrastructure and operational costs of LoRaWAN are relatively low, making it an economical option for large-scale IoT deployments, balancing performance and affordability.

FAQ – Wirepas

What is LoRaWAN?

LoRaWAN is a Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) often used in Internet of Things (IoT) applications because of its low energy consumption. The LoRaWAN range of up to 100km in the free-field is based on the LoRa modulation.

LoRaWAN applications typically connect a large number of sensors over gateways in a star topology and a LoRa Network Server (LNS) together to a customer application.

How does LoRaWAN work?

The LoRaWAN protocol specifies the timing for when devices can transmit data and when they must listen for incoming messages, as well as the frequency and duration of data transmissions. Leveraging LoRa modulation, LoRaWAN achieves extensive transmission ranges while maintaining minimal power consumption. The modulation employs redundancy and temporal spreading, allowing the signal to be reconstructed even when it falls below the noise level or is briefly interrupted by interference. This robust approach ensures reliable communication in challenging environments.

What does LoRaWAN cost?

LoRaWAN is a cost-free protocol, available for implementation by anyone without the need for radio licenses or ongoing monthly fees.
Of course you need to buy or build your own end-devices and infrastructure. Here is a simple bucket list for your LoRaWAN application:

  • LoRaWAN sensors: Typically produced in large quantities, these sensors are cost-optimized and available as configurable finished products or can be custom-developed to meet specific requirements.
  • LoRaWAN gateways: Off-the-shelf indoor or outdoor gateways can be purchased for a reasonable price.
  • Connectivity: The gateways require an internet connection, which can be provided either through a local area network or an internal mobile network card. Note that recurring costs for a data plan are applicable.
  • LoRa Network Server: You can either run your own network server with open-source software such as Chirpstack or rent the service from providers such as Loriot or TTI. Additionally, free network servers like The Things Network (TTN) are available.

In some countries or areas, you can utilize public LoRaWAN® infrastructure, such as the paid services provided by Swisscom in Switzerland. Additionally, there are free networks available, like The Things Network (TTN), which offer open access to LoRaWAN® connectivity.

How secure is LoRaWAN?

LoRaWAN uses end-to-end encryption. Every payload is encrypted by AES-CTR and carries a frame counter (to avoid packet replay) and a Message Integrity Code (MIC) computed with AES-CMAC (to avoid packet tampering). The application and session keys are stored on the device and the application server. They can even be stored on a secure element programmed through a secure bootloader.

Why use LoRaWAN?

Use LoRaWAN for low-power, long-range applications with low throughput. Typically, a LoRaWAN sensor transmits data once daily or hourly. For developers, starting with LoRaWAN is straightforward thanks to the availability of open-source stacks and development boards.

Is LoRaWAN free?
LoRaWAN is free to use, with no monthly fees or additional radio licenses required. It operates on open frequency bands with regulated power levels, varying by region (e.g., EU868, US915, AU915) as specified in the radio profile specifications. Additionally, a global 2.4 GHz band is available, though with a shorter range. You can install your own LoRaWAN gateways or utilize services from network providers such as Swisscom, which offers extensive coverage in Switzerland.
What is the range of LoRaWAN?

The range of LoRaWAN can extend up to 100 km with a clear line of sight. In urban environments with buildings, the range is reduced but remains significantly greater than WiFi or Bluetooth. This extended range enables the use of satellites as LoRaWAN® gateways, a concept known as "LoRa from space".

Who is behind LoRaWAN?
LoRaWAN is developed and maintained by Semtech Corporation, which is a key player in the technology's evolution. The protocol itself is managed by the LoRa Alliance, a global association of companies and organizations dedicated to promoting and advancing the LoRaWAN standard for IoT connectivity. The alliance fosters collaboration among its members to ensure interoperability and support the growth of the LoRaWAN ecosystem.
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